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Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms ... forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with
Central Government Act
human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced
labour" practised by anyone else. The prohibition against
"traffic ... human being and begar and other similar forms of
forced labour" is clearly intended to be a general
prohibition, total
Supreme Court of India
clearly falls
within the meaning of the words 'forced labour' and attracts
the condemnation of Article 23. Every person ... frame the Constitution, found
that the practice of 'forced labour' constituted an ugly and
shameful feature of our national life
Supreme Court of India
Existence of Forced Labour-Whether bonded
labour-Burden of proof lies upon the employer that the
labourer ... allowed to leave
the stone quarries and were providing forced labour; (iii)
there was no facility of providing pure water
Supreme Court of India
labour attached to it did
not amount to extracting forced labour from the prisoners
and was not contrary to Article ... shall be required to perform forced or
compulsory labour.
3.For the purposes of this Article the term forced
Supreme Court of India
terms:
"23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced
labour
(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other ... similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and
any contravention of this provision shall be an
offence punishable in accordance
Delhi High Court
Patna High Court
Rita Mishra And Ors. Etc. Etc. vs Director, Primary Education, ... on 23
Patna High Court
infringement of the constitutional
protection against execution of forced labour.
Shri Rajeev Dhawan, senior counsel put before us the
view ... imprisonment a deterrent."
Article 23 of the Constitution prohibits "forced
Labour" and mandated that any contravention of such
prohibition shall
Supreme Court of India
Constitution, Secondly, he
complains that this is "forced labour" and claims protection under
Article 23 of the Constitution which prohibits ... human beings
and bogar and other similar forms of forced labour. Thirdly, he
contends that the requisite conditions under Section
Calcutta High Court
virtue of the said Article by Clause (1) thereof, 'forced labour' is
prohibited. Where a person is compelled by force ... falls within the scope and ambit of the words
'forced labour' under Article 23 of the Constitution of India
Kerala High Court
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